As a non-CPA, non-Auditor, I haven't spent my career learning to see through the ingenious little deceits that accounting professionals have dreamed up over the years.

"Financial Shenanigans: How to Detect Accounting Gimmicks & Fraud in Financial Reports, Second Edition" by Howard M. Schilit provides an excellent 101 on basic tactics that have scarred public companies in recent years. Schilit makes the issues very accessible for the non-accountant, and provides real world examples that tickle the long-term recall.

Looking at seven basic shenanigans, Schilit walks the reader through the logic, the implications, and how to root out these issues:

1) Recording revenue too soon,
2) Recording bogus revenue,
3) Boosting income with one-time gains,
4) Shifting current expenses to a later or earlier period,
5) Failing to record or improperly reducing liabilities,
6) Shifting current revenue to a later period, and
7) Shifting future expenses to the current period as a special charge

An excellent primer for new financial managers.

This book was updated on the heels of the WCOM and ENE scandals. There are many interesting techniques available for the researcher here. It requires a meticulous person to properly apply these techniques. However, the average person with a limited number of holdings might do very well with applying these techniques to their portfolio. See the table of contents for a listing of the 7 "financial shenanigans".

Some of the items on Schilit's governance wish list are dealt with by the Sarbanes-Oxley legislation. This will do away with much of management's self-dealing and sleight of hand when presenting pro forma earnings. Some of the "shenanigans" have been dealt with FASB promulgations so there are less of an issue.

Schilit is too harsh on the FASB over the failure to expense stock based compensation the first time it was considered. The forces that oppose the FASB n that issue generated a considerable political threat to FASB's existence in Washington. FASB backed down was preserved and we are all the better for it. FASB is addressing this issue in an exposure draft and it appears likely that it will move forward this time despite the same forces trotting out the same vacuous arguments a second time. Schilit should have given better context with his critique of the FASB.

I remember seeing a piece in Grant's interest rate observer (a newsletter) about a presentation by Trevor Harris (an accounting expert employed by a bulge bracket firm). The article stated that hedge fund managers treated Harris like a rock star, because they needed to learn how to analyze the names in their portfolios better. Harris was simply presenting topics much like are found in this book.

In this book you will learn about many of the manipulations that have been used in the past by companies. Schilit uses the "case" method of teaching. The examples almost all have a real life demonstration of how the trick manifested itself.

At times, the book reads like an advertisement for Schilit's CFRA subscription service. There are 13 such references in the index. I guess this is to be expected, but is still a distraction in an otherwise fine book.

This accounting book covers everything we wished we learned in our introductory accounting class, namely "How do we know if the managers are lying to us?"

In a very easy to read format, the book groups accounting tricks into seven major accounting shennanigans and then cross-references them to a variety of accounting scandals. In the end, you're left with a deeper understanding of the major ways people can manipulate financial statements for their own game.


This is a surprising interesting book given how dull most accounting texts are. It's appropriate for novice investors and accounting students as well as more advanced accountants. The book practically reads itself.

Author Howard Schilit writes in surprisingly plain English, and provides the reader with a toolkit to determine what's so rotten in Denmark - or on Wall Street. You don't have to be an experienced reader of financial reports to learn a lot from this book. Schilit offers more than theory; he provides specific examples and case studies. Learn about the manager who reduced future expenses by purchasing $12 million worth of advance postage metering at the end of the year. Find out how "Chainsaw Al" Dunlop drove up the price of Sunbeam stock by creating a $35 million reserve, all while laying off 11,000 employees. Learn the inside story of how Enron became the poster child for corporate wrongdoing. We highly recommends this book to independent investors, and anyone else who needs to understand how unethical execs cook the books. It may not save you from losing a bundle, but at least you won't feel like you're in a battle of wits and devoid of weaponry.